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HMS Achilles (1863)
HMS ''Achilles'' was an armoured frigate〔Ironclad is the all-encompassing term for armored warships of this period. Armoured frigates were basically designed for the same role as traditional wooden frigates, but this later changed as the size and expense of these ships forced them to be used in the line of battle.〕 built for the Royal Navy in the 1860s. Upon completion in 1864 she was assigned to the Channel Fleet. The ship was paid off in 1868 to refit and be re-armed. When she recommissioned in 1869, she was assigned as the guard ship of the Fleet Reserve in the Portland District until 1874. ''Achilles'' was refitted and re-armed again in 1874 and became the guard ship of the Liverpool District in 1875. Two years later, she was rejoined the Channel Fleet before going to the Mediterranean in 1878. The ship returned to the Channel Fleet in 1880 and served until she was paid off in 1885.
''Achilles'' was recommissioned in 1901 as a depot ship at Malta under a succession of different names. She was transferred to Chatham in 1914 and was again renamed multiple times before she was sold for scrap in 1923. ''Achilles'' had more changes of her rigging and armament than any other British warship, before or since.〔
==Design and description==
''Achilles'' was the third member of the 1861 Naval Programme and was designed as an improved version of the earlier armoured frigates with a complete waterline armour belt.〔Parkes, p. 40〕
The ship was long between perpendiculars, had a beam of and a draft of .〔Ballard, p. 241〕 She displaced 〔Parkes, p. 39〕 and had a tonnage of 6,121 bm.〔 The hull was subdivided by watertight transverse bulkheads into 106 compartments and had a double bottom.〔Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 9〕 ''Achilles'' was designed with a high centre of gravity and was very stiff. So much so that the ship only rolled 10 degrees during one storm that ripped the main and mizen topgallant masts off and split her topsails. Because of her great length she was not very manoeuvrable. ''Achilles'' had a crew of 709 officers and enlisted men.〔Parkes, pp. 40, 43〕
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